span.h

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/******************************************************************************
The MIT License(MIT)
 
Embedded Template Library.
https://github.com/ETLCPP/etl
https://www.etlcpp.com
 
Copyright(c) 2020 John Wellbelove
 
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files(the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and / or sell
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The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
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IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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******************************************************************************/
 
#ifndef ETL_SPAN_INCLUDED
#define ETL_SPAN_INCLUDED
 
#include "platform.h"
 
#include "error_handler.h"
#include "exception.h"
#include "alignment.h"
#include "iterator.h"
#include "algorithm.h"
#include "circular_iterator.h"
#include "nullptr.h"
#include "hash.h"
#include "type_traits.h"
#include "integral_limits.h"
#include "memory.h"
#include "array.h"
#include "byte.h"
#include "static_assert.h"
 
#include "private/dynamic_extent.h"

 
namespace etl
{
  template <typename T> struct is_std_array : etl::false_type {};
#if ETL_USING_STL && ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T, size_t N> struct is_std_array<std::array<T, N>> : etl::true_type {};
#endif
  template <typename T> struct is_std_array<const T> : is_std_array<T> {};
  template <typename T> struct is_std_array<volatile T> : is_std_array<T> {};
  template <typename T> struct is_std_array<const volatile T> : is_std_array<T> {};
 
  template <typename T> struct is_etl_array : etl::false_type {};
  template <typename T, size_t N> struct is_etl_array<etl::array<T, N> > : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename T> struct is_etl_array<const T> : is_etl_array<T> {};
  template <typename T> struct is_etl_array<volatile T> : is_etl_array<T> {};
  template <typename T> struct is_etl_array<const volatile T> : is_etl_array<T> {};
 
  //***************************************************************************
  // Tag to indicate a class is a span.
  //***************************************************************************
  class span_tag {};
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  class span_exception : public exception
  {
  public:
 
    span_exception(string_type reason_, string_type file_name_, numeric_type line_number_)
      : exception(reason_, file_name_, line_number_)
    {
    }
  };
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  class span_alignment_exception : public span_exception
  {
  public:
 
    span_alignment_exception(string_type file_name_, numeric_type line_number_)
      : span_exception(ETL_ERROR_TEXT("span:alignment", ETL_SPAN_FILE_ID"A"), file_name_, line_number_)
    {
    }
  };
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  class span_size_mismatch : public span_exception
  {
  public:
 
    span_size_mismatch(string_type file_name_, numeric_type line_number_)
      : span_exception(ETL_ERROR_TEXT("span:size", ETL_SPAN_FILE_ID"B"), file_name_, line_number_)
    {
    }
  };
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  class span_out_of_range : public span_exception
  {
  public:
 
    span_out_of_range(string_type file_name_, numeric_type line_number_)
      : span_exception(ETL_ERROR_TEXT("span:range", ETL_SPAN_FILE_ID"C"), file_name_, line_number_)
    {
    }
  };
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T, size_t Extent = etl::dynamic_extent>
  class span : public span_tag
  {
  public:
 
    typedef T                                element_type;
    typedef typename etl::remove_cv<T>::type value_type;
    typedef size_t                           size_type;
    typedef T&                               reference;
    typedef const T&                         const_reference;
    typedef T*                               pointer;
    typedef const T*                         const_pointer;
 
    typedef T*                                           iterator;
    typedef const T*                                     const_iterator;
    typedef ETL_OR_STD::reverse_iterator<iterator>       reverse_iterator;
    typedef ETL_OR_STD::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
 
    typedef etl::circular_iterator<pointer>                                circular_iterator;
    typedef etl::circular_iterator<ETL_OR_STD::reverse_iterator<pointer> > reverse_circular_iterator;
 
    static ETL_CONSTANT size_t extent = Extent;
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename TIterator, typename TSize>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR explicit span(const TIterator begin_, const TSize /*size_*/) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(etl::to_address(begin_))
    {
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename TIterator>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR explicit span(const TIterator begin_, const TIterator /*end_*/) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(etl::to_address(begin_))
    {
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    template<size_t Array_Size, typename = typename etl::enable_if<(Array_Size == Extent), void>::type>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(element_type(&begin_)[Array_Size]) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(begin_)
    {
    }
#else
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template<size_t Array_Size>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(element_type(&begin_)[Array_Size], typename etl::enable_if<(Array_Size == Extent), void>::type* = 0) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(begin_)
    {
    }
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename TContainer, typename = typename etl::enable_if<!etl::is_base_of<span_tag, etl::remove_reference_t<TContainer>>::value &&
                                                                      !etl::is_std_array<etl::remove_reference_t<TContainer>>::value &&
                                                                      !etl::is_etl_array<etl::remove_reference_t<TContainer>>::value &&
                                                                      !etl::is_pointer<etl::remove_reference_t<TContainer>>::value &&
                                                                      !etl::is_array<etl::remove_reference_t<TContainer>>::value &&
                                                                      etl::is_same<etl::remove_cv_t<T>, etl::remove_cv_t<typename etl::remove_reference_t<TContainer>::value_type>>::value, void>::type>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(TContainer&& a) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(a.data())
    {
    }
#else
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename TContainer>
    span(TContainer& a, typename etl::enable_if<!etl::is_base_of<span_tag, typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type>::value &&
                                                !etl::is_std_array<typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type>::value &&
                                                !etl::is_etl_array<typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type>::value &&
                                                !etl::is_pointer<typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type>::value &&
                                                !etl::is_array<TContainer>::value &&
                                                etl::is_same<typename etl::remove_cv<T>::type, typename etl::remove_cv<typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type::value_type>::type>::value, void>::type* = 0) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(a.data())
    {
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename TContainer>
    span(const TContainer& a, typename etl::enable_if<!etl::is_base_of<span_tag, typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type>::value &&
                                                      !etl::is_std_array<typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type>::value &&
                                                      !etl::is_etl_array<typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type>::value &&
                                                      !etl::is_pointer<typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type>::value &&
                                                      !etl::is_array<TContainer>::value&&
                                                      etl::is_same<typename etl::remove_cv<T>::type, typename etl::remove_cv<typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type::value_type>::type>::value, void>::type* = 0) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(a.data())
    {
    }
#endif
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(const span& other) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(other.pbegin)
    {
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename U, size_t Size>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(const etl::span<U, Size>& other, typename etl::enable_if<Size == Extent, void>::type* = 0) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(other.data())
    {
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename U, size_t Size>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR14 span(const etl::span<U, Size>& other, typename etl::enable_if<Size == etl::dynamic_extent, void>::type* = 0)
      : pbegin(other.data())
    {
      ETL_ASSERT(other.size() == Extent, ETL_ERROR(span_size_mismatch));
    }
 
#if ETL_USING_STL && ETL_USING_CPP11
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename U, size_t Size>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(std::array<U, Size>& other, typename etl::enable_if<Size == Extent, void>::type* = 0) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(other.data())
    {
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename U, size_t Size>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(const std::array<U, Size>& other, typename etl::enable_if<Size == Extent && etl::is_const<T>::value, void>::type* = 0) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(other.data())
    {
    }
#endif
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename U, size_t Size>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(etl::array<U, Size>& other, typename etl::enable_if<Size == Extent, void>::type* = 0) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(other.data())
    {
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename U, size_t Size>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(const etl::array<U, Size>& other, typename etl::enable_if<Size == Extent && etl::is_const<T>::value, void>::type* = 0) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(other.data())
    {
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR reference front() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      ETL_STATIC_ASSERT(Extent > 0, "Span is empty");
 
      return *pbegin;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR reference back() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      ETL_STATIC_ASSERT(Extent > 0, "Span is empty");
 
      return *((pbegin + Extent) - 1);
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR pointer data() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return pbegin;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR const_iterator cbegin() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return pbegin;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR iterator begin() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return pbegin;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR circular_iterator begin_circular() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return circular_iterator(begin(), end());
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR const_iterator cend() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return (pbegin + Extent);
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR iterator end() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return (pbegin + Extent);
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    // Returns a const reverse iterator to the reverse beginning of the span.
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return const_reverse_iterator((pbegin + Extent));
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    // Returns an reverse iterator to the reverse beginning of the span.
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR reverse_iterator rbegin() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return reverse_iterator((pbegin + Extent));
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR reverse_circular_iterator rbegin_circular() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return reverse_circular_iterator(rbegin(), rend());
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR const_reverse_iterator crend() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return const_reverse_iterator(pbegin);
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR reverse_iterator rend() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return reverse_iterator(pbegin);
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR bool empty() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return Extent == 0;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR size_t size() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return Extent;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR size_t size_bytes() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return sizeof(element_type) * Extent;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR size_t max_size() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return size();
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_CONSTEXPR14 span& operator =(const span& other) ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      pbegin = other.pbegin;
      return *this;
    } 
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR14 reference at(size_t i)
    {
      ETL_ASSERT(i < size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return pbegin[i];
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR14 const_reference at(size_t i) const
    {
      ETL_ASSERT(i < size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return pbegin[i];
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_CONSTEXPR reference operator[](const size_t i) const
    {
#if ETL_USING_CPP11 && ETL_NOT_USING_CPP14 && ETL_USING_EXCEPTIONS && ETL_CHECKING_INDEX_OPERATOR
      return i < size() ? pbegin[i] : throw(ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
#else
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_INDEX_OPERATOR(i < size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return pbegin[i];
#endif
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <size_t COUNT>
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR etl::span<element_type, COUNT> first() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      // If Extent is static, check that original span contains at least COUNT elements
      ETL_STATIC_ASSERT(COUNT <= Extent, "Original span does not contain COUNT elements");
 
      return etl::span<element_type, COUNT>(pbegin, pbegin + COUNT);
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent> first(size_t count) const ETL_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(ETL_NOT_USING_EXCEPTIONS || ETL_NOT_CHECKING_EXTRA)
    {
#if ETL_USING_CPP11 && ETL_NOT_USING_CPP14 && ETL_USING_EXCEPTIONS && ETL_CHECKING_EXTRA
      return count <= size() ? etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin, pbegin + count) : throw(ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
#else
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(count <= size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
      
      return etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin, pbegin + count);
#endif
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <size_t COUNT>
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR etl::span<element_type, COUNT> last() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      // If Extent is static, check that original span contains at least COUNT elements
      ETL_STATIC_ASSERT(COUNT <= Extent, "Original span does not contain COUNT elements");
 
      return etl::span<element_type, COUNT>(pbegin + Extent - COUNT, (pbegin + Extent));
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent> last(size_t count) const ETL_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(ETL_NOT_USING_EXCEPTIONS || ETL_NOT_CHECKING_EXTRA)
    {
#if ETL_USING_CPP11 && ETL_NOT_USING_CPP14 && ETL_USING_EXCEPTIONS && ETL_CHECKING_EXTRA
      return count <= size() ? 
        etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent>((pbegin + Extent) - count, (pbegin + Extent)) : 
        throw(ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
#else
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(count <= size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent>((pbegin + Extent) - count, (pbegin + Extent));
#endif
    }
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <size_t OFFSET, size_t COUNT = etl::dynamic_extent>
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR
      etl::span<element_type, COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT : Extent - OFFSET> subspan() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      // If Extent is static, check that OFFSET is within the original span
      ETL_STATIC_ASSERT(OFFSET <= Extent, "OFFSET is not within the original span");
 
      // If count is also static, check that OFFSET + COUNT is within the original span
      ETL_STATIC_ASSERT((COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent) ? COUNT <= (Extent - OFFSET) : true, "OFFSET + COUNT is not within the original span");
 
      return (COUNT == etl::dynamic_extent) ? etl::span<element_type, COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT : Extent - OFFSET>(pbegin + OFFSET, (pbegin + Extent))
                                            : etl::span<element_type, COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT : Extent - OFFSET>(pbegin + OFFSET, pbegin + OFFSET + COUNT);
    }
#else
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <size_t OFFSET, size_t COUNT>
    etl::span<element_type, COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT : Extent - OFFSET> subspan() const
    {
      // If Extent is static, check that OFFSET is within the original span
      ETL_STATIC_ASSERT(OFFSET <= Extent, "OFFSET is not within the original span");
 
      // If count is also static, check that OFFSET + COUNT is within the original span
      ETL_STATIC_ASSERT((COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent) ? COUNT <= (Extent - OFFSET) : true, "OFFSET + COUNT is not within the original span");
 
      if (COUNT == etl::dynamic_extent)
      {
        return etl::span<element_type, (COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT : Extent - OFFSET)>(pbegin + OFFSET, (pbegin + Extent));
      }
      else
      {
        return etl::span<element_type, COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT : Extent - OFFSET>(pbegin + OFFSET, pbegin + OFFSET + COUNT);
      }
    }
#endif
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent> subspan(size_t offset, size_t count = etl::dynamic_extent) const ETL_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(ETL_NOT_USING_EXCEPTIONS || ETL_NOT_CHECKING_EXTRA)
    {
#if ETL_USING_CPP11 && ETL_NOT_USING_CPP14 && ETL_USING_EXCEPTIONS && ETL_CHECKING_EXTRA
      return (offset <= size()) && (count != etl::dynamic_extent ? count <= (size() - offset) : true) ?
        ((count == etl::dynamic_extent) ? etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin + offset, (pbegin + Extent))
                                        : etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin + offset, pbegin + offset + count)) :
        throw(ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
#else
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(offset <= size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(count != etl::dynamic_extent ? count <= (size() - offset) : true, ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return (count == etl::dynamic_extent) ? etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin + offset, (pbegin + Extent))
                                            : etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin + offset, pbegin + offset + count);
#endif
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    void advance(size_t elements) ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      elements = etl::min(elements, size());
      pbegin += elements;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template<typename TNew>
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR14 etl::span<TNew, Extent * sizeof(element_type) / sizeof(TNew)> reinterpret_as() const
    {
      ETL_ASSERT(etl::is_aligned<etl::alignment_of<TNew>::value>(pbegin), ETL_ERROR(span_alignment_exception));
 
      return etl::span<TNew, Extent * sizeof(element_type) / sizeof(TNew)>(reinterpret_cast<TNew*>(pbegin),
                       Extent * sizeof(element_type) / sizeof(TNew));
    }
 
  private:
 
    pointer pbegin;
  };
 
  //*************************************************************************
  //*************************************************************************
  template <typename T, size_t Extent>
  ETL_CONSTEXPR span<T, Extent> make_span(T (&data)[Extent])
  {
    return span<T, Extent>(data);
  }
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  class  span<T, etl::dynamic_extent> : public span_tag
  {
  public:
 
    typedef T        element_type;
    typedef typename etl::remove_cv<T>::type value_type;
    typedef size_t   size_type;
    typedef T&       reference;
    typedef const T& const_reference;
    typedef T*       pointer;
    typedef const T* const_pointer;
 
    typedef T*                                           iterator;
    typedef const T*                                     const_iterator;
    typedef ETL_OR_STD::reverse_iterator<iterator>       reverse_iterator;
    typedef ETL_OR_STD::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
 
    typedef etl::circular_iterator<pointer>                                circular_iterator;
    typedef etl::circular_iterator<ETL_OR_STD::reverse_iterator<pointer> > reverse_circular_iterator;
 
    static ETL_CONSTANT size_t extent = etl::dynamic_extent;
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span() ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(ETL_NULLPTR)
      , pend(ETL_NULLPTR)
    {
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename TIterator, typename TSize>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(const TIterator begin_, const TSize size_) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(etl::to_address(begin_))
      , pend(etl::to_address(begin_) + size_)
    {
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename TIterator>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(const TIterator begin_, const TIterator end_) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(etl::to_address(begin_))
      , pend(etl::to_address(begin_) + etl::distance(begin_, end_))
    {
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template<size_t Array_Size>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(element_type(&begin_)[Array_Size]) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(begin_)
      , pend(begin_ + Array_Size)
    {
    }
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename TContainer, typename = typename etl::enable_if<!etl::is_base_of<span_tag, etl::remove_reference_t<TContainer>>::value &&
                                                                      !etl::is_pointer<etl::remove_reference_t<TContainer>>::value &&
                                                                      !etl::is_array<etl::remove_reference_t<TContainer>>::value &&
                                                                      etl::is_same<etl::remove_cv_t<T>, etl::remove_cv_t<typename etl::remove_reference_t<TContainer>::value_type>>::value, void>::type>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(TContainer&& a) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(a.data())
      , pend(a.data() + a.size())
    {
    }
#else
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename TContainer>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(TContainer& a, typename etl::enable_if<!etl::is_base_of<span_tag, typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type>::value &&
                                                              !etl::is_pointer<typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type>::value &&
                                                              !etl::is_array<TContainer>::value &&
                                                              etl::is_same<typename etl::remove_cv<T>::type, typename etl::remove_cv<typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type::value_type>::type>::value, void>::type* = 0) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(a.data())
      , pend(a.data() + a.size())
    {
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename TContainer>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(const TContainer& a, typename etl::enable_if<!etl::is_base_of<span_tag, typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type>::value &&
                                                                    !etl::is_pointer<typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type>::value &&
                                                                    !etl::is_array<TContainer>::value &&
                                                                    etl::is_same<typename etl::remove_cv<T>::type, typename etl::remove_cv<typename etl::remove_reference<TContainer>::type::value_type>::type>::value, void>::type* = 0) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(a.data())
      , pend(a.data() + a.size())
    {
    }
#endif
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(const span& other) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(other.pbegin)
      , pend(other.pend)
    {
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename U, size_t Size>
    ETL_CONSTEXPR span(const etl::span<U, Size>& other) ETL_NOEXCEPT
      : pbegin(other.data())
      , pend(other.data() + other.size())
    {
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR reference front() const ETL_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(ETL_NOT_USING_EXCEPTIONS || ETL_NOT_CHECKING_EXTRA)
    {
#if ETL_USING_CPP11 && ETL_NOT_USING_CPP14 && ETL_USING_EXCEPTIONS && ETL_CHECKING_EXTRA
      return size() > 0 ? *pbegin : throw(ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
#else
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(size() > 0, ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return *pbegin;
#endif
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR reference back() const ETL_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(ETL_NOT_USING_EXCEPTIONS || ETL_NOT_CHECKING_EXTRA)
    {
#if ETL_USING_CPP11 && ETL_NOT_USING_CPP14 && ETL_USING_EXCEPTIONS && ETL_CHECKING_EXTRA
      return size() > 0 ? *(pend - 1) : throw(ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
#else
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(size() > 0, ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return *(pend - 1);
#endif
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR pointer data() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return pbegin;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR const_iterator cbegin() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return pbegin;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR iterator begin() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return pbegin;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR circular_iterator begin_circular() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return circular_iterator(begin(), end());
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR const_iterator cend() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return pend;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR iterator end() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return pend;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    // Returns an reverse iterator to the reverse beginning of the span.
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR reverse_iterator rbegin() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return reverse_iterator(pend);
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    // Returns a const reverse iterator to the reverse beginning of the span.
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return const_reverse_iterator(pend);
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR reverse_circular_iterator rbegin_circular() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return reverse_circular_iterator(rbegin(), rend());
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR const_reverse_iterator crend() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return const_reverse_iterator(pbegin);
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR reverse_iterator rend() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return reverse_iterator(pbegin);
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR bool empty() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return (pbegin == pend);
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR size_t size() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return (pend - pbegin);
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR size_t size_bytes() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return sizeof(element_type) * (pend - pbegin);
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR size_t max_size() const ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return size();
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_CONSTEXPR14 span& operator =(const span& other) ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      pbegin = other.pbegin;
      pend = other.pend;
      return *this;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR14 reference at(size_t i)
    {
      ETL_ASSERT(i < size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return pbegin[i];
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR14 const_reference at(size_t i) const
    {
      ETL_ASSERT(i < size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return pbegin[i];
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_CONSTEXPR reference operator[](const size_t i) const
    {
#if ETL_USING_CPP11 && ETL_NOT_USING_CPP14 && ETL_USING_EXCEPTIONS && ETL_CHECKING_INDEX_OPERATOR
      return i < size() ? pbegin[i] : throw(ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
#else
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_INDEX_OPERATOR(i < size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return pbegin[i];
#endif
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <size_t COUNT>
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR etl::span<element_type, COUNT> first() const ETL_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(ETL_NOT_USING_EXCEPTIONS || ETL_NOT_CHECKING_EXTRA)
    {
#if ETL_USING_CPP11 && ETL_NOT_USING_CPP14 && ETL_USING_EXCEPTIONS && ETL_CHECKING_EXTRA
      return COUNT <= size() ? etl::span<element_type, COUNT>(pbegin, pbegin + COUNT) : throw(ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
#else
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(COUNT <= size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return etl::span<element_type, COUNT>(pbegin, pbegin + COUNT);
#endif
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent> first(size_t count) const ETL_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(ETL_NOT_USING_EXCEPTIONS || ETL_NOT_CHECKING_EXTRA)
    {
#if ETL_USING_CPP11 && ETL_NOT_USING_CPP14 && ETL_USING_EXCEPTIONS && ETL_CHECKING_EXTRA
      return count <= size() ? etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin, pbegin + count) : throw(ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
#else
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(count <= size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin, pbegin + count);
#endif
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <size_t COUNT>
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR etl::span<element_type, COUNT> last() const ETL_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(ETL_NOT_USING_EXCEPTIONS || ETL_NOT_CHECKING_EXTRA)
    {
#if ETL_USING_CPP11 && ETL_NOT_USING_CPP14 && ETL_USING_EXCEPTIONS && ETL_CHECKING_EXTRA
      return COUNT <= size() ? etl::span<element_type, COUNT>(pend - COUNT, pend) : throw(ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
#else
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(COUNT <= size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return etl::span<element_type, COUNT>(pend - COUNT, pend);
#endif
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent> last(size_t count) const ETL_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(ETL_NOT_USING_EXCEPTIONS || ETL_NOT_CHECKING_EXTRA)
    {
#if ETL_USING_CPP11 && ETL_NOT_USING_CPP14 && ETL_USING_EXCEPTIONS && ETL_CHECKING_EXTRA
      return count <= size() ? etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent>(pend - count, pend) : throw(ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
#else
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(count <= size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent>(pend - count, pend);
#endif
    }
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <size_t OFFSET, size_t COUNT = etl::dynamic_extent>
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR
      etl::span<element_type, COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT : etl::dynamic_extent> subspan() const ETL_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(ETL_NOT_USING_EXCEPTIONS || ETL_NOT_CHECKING_EXTRA)
    {
#if ETL_USING_CPP11 && ETL_NOT_USING_CPP14 && ETL_USING_EXCEPTIONS && ETL_CHECKING_EXTRA
      return (OFFSET <= size()) && (COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT <= (size() - OFFSET) : true) ?
        ((COUNT == etl::dynamic_extent) ? etl::span<element_type, COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT : etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin + OFFSET, pend)
                                        : etl::span<element_type, COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT : etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin + OFFSET, pbegin + OFFSET + COUNT)) :
        throw(ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
#else
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(OFFSET <= size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT <= (size() - OFFSET) : true, ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return (COUNT == etl::dynamic_extent) ? etl::span<element_type, COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT : etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin + OFFSET, pend)
                                            : etl::span<element_type, COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT : etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin + OFFSET, pbegin + OFFSET + COUNT);
#endif
    }
#else
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template <size_t OFFSET, size_t COUNT>
    etl::span<element_type, COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT : etl::dynamic_extent> subspan() const
    {
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(OFFSET <= size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT <= (size() - OFFSET) : true, ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      if (COUNT == etl::dynamic_extent)
      {
        return etl::span<element_type, COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT : etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin + OFFSET, pend);
      }
      else
      {
        return etl::span<element_type, COUNT != etl::dynamic_extent ? COUNT : etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin + OFFSET, pbegin + OFFSET + COUNT);
      }
    }
#endif
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR14 etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent> subspan(size_t offset, size_t count = etl::dynamic_extent) const ETL_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(ETL_NOT_USING_EXCEPTIONS || ETL_NOT_CHECKING_EXTRA)
    {
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(offset <= size(), ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
      ETL_ASSERT_CHECK_EXTRA(count != etl::dynamic_extent ? count <= (size() - offset) : true, ETL_ERROR(span_out_of_range));
 
      return (count == etl::dynamic_extent) ? etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin + offset, pend)
                                            : etl::span<element_type, etl::dynamic_extent>(pbegin + offset, pbegin + offset + count);
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    void advance(size_t elements) ETL_NOEXCEPT
    {
      elements = etl::min(elements, size());
      pbegin += elements;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template<typename TNew>
    ETL_NODISCARD ETL_CONSTEXPR14 etl::span<TNew, etl::dynamic_extent> reinterpret_as() const
    {
      ETL_ASSERT(etl::is_aligned<etl::alignment_of<TNew>::value>(pbegin), ETL_ERROR(span_alignment_exception));
 
      return etl::span<TNew, etl::dynamic_extent>(reinterpret_cast<TNew*>(pbegin),
                                                  (pend - pbegin) * sizeof(element_type) / sizeof(TNew));
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template<typename TRet>
    ETL_NODISCARD etl::span<TRet> take(size_t const n)
    {
      ETL_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(TRet) % sizeof(element_type) == 0, "sizeof(TRet) must be divisible by sizeof(T)");
 
      ETL_ASSERT(etl::is_aligned<etl::alignment_of<TRet>::value>(pbegin), ETL_ERROR(span_alignment_exception));
      ETL_ASSERT(sizeof(TRet) * n <= sizeof(element_type) * size(), ETL_ERROR(span_size_mismatch));
 
      etl::span<TRet> result = reinterpret_as<TRet>().first(n);
      advance(sizeof(TRet) / sizeof(element_type) * n);
 
      return result;
    }
 
    //*************************************************************************
    //*************************************************************************
    template<typename TRet>
    ETL_NODISCARD TRet& take()
    {
      ETL_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(TRet) % sizeof(element_type) == 0, "sizeof(TRet) must be divisible by sizeof(T)");
 
      ETL_ASSERT(etl::is_aligned<etl::alignment_of<TRet>::value>(pbegin), ETL_ERROR(span_alignment_exception));
      ETL_ASSERT(sizeof(TRet) <= sizeof(element_type) * size(), ETL_ERROR(span_size_mismatch));
 
      TRet& result = *reinterpret_cast<TRet*>(data());
      advance(sizeof(TRet) / sizeof(element_type));
 
      return result;
    }
 
  private:
 
    pointer pbegin;
    pointer pend;
  };
 
  //*************************************************************************
  //*************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  ETL_CONSTEXPR span<typename T::value_type, etl::dynamic_extent> make_span(T& data)
  {
    return span<typename T::value_type, etl::dynamic_extent>(data);
  }
 
  //*************************************************************************
  //*************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  ETL_CONSTEXPR span<typename T::value_type const, etl::dynamic_extent> make_span(const T& data)
  {
    return span<typename T::value_type const, etl::dynamic_extent>(data);
  }
 
  template <typename T, size_t Extent>
  ETL_CONSTANT size_t span<T, Extent>::extent;
 
  template <typename T>
  ETL_CONSTANT size_t span<T, etl::dynamic_extent>::extent;
 
  //*************************************************************************
  //*************************************************************************
  template <typename T1, size_t N1, typename T2, size_t N2>
  ETL_NODISCARD 
  ETL_CONSTEXPR
  typename etl::enable_if<etl::is_same<typename etl::remove_cv<T1>::type, typename etl::remove_cv<T2>::type>::value, bool>::type
    operator ==(const etl::span<T1, N1>& lhs, const etl::span<T2, N2>& rhs) ETL_NOEXCEPT
  {
    return (lhs.begin() == rhs.begin()) && (lhs.size() == rhs.size());
  }
 
  //*************************************************************************
  //*************************************************************************
  template <typename T1, size_t N1, typename T2, size_t N2>
  ETL_NODISCARD
  ETL_CONSTEXPR
  bool operator !=(const etl::span<T1, N1>& lhs, const etl::span<T2, N2>& rhs) ETL_NOEXCEPT
  {
    return !(lhs == rhs);
  }
 
  //*************************************************************************
  //*************************************************************************
  template <typename T1, size_t N1, typename T2, size_t N2>
  typename etl::enable_if<etl::is_same<typename etl::remove_cv<T1>::type, typename etl::remove_cv<T2>::type>::value, bool>::type
    equal(const etl::span<T1, N1>& lhs, const etl::span<T2, N2>& rhs)
  {
    return (lhs.empty() && rhs.empty()) ||
           ((lhs.begin() == rhs.begin()) && (lhs.size() == rhs.size())) ||
           etl::equal(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
  }
 
  //*************************************************************************
  //*************************************************************************
  template <typename T1, size_t N1, typename T2, size_t N2>
  typename etl::enable_if<etl::is_same<typename etl::remove_cv<T1>::type, typename etl::remove_cv<T2>::type>::value &&
                          !etl::is_const<T2>::value, bool>::type
    copy(const etl::span<T1, N1>& src, const etl::span<T2, N2>& dst)
  {
    if (src.empty() || (src.begin() == dst.begin()))
    {
      return true;
    }
    if (src.size() > dst.size())
    {
      return false;
    }
    (void) etl::copy(src.begin(), src.end(), dst.begin());
    return true;
  }
 
  //*************************************************************************
  //*************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename TIterator>
  span(const TIterator begin_, const TIterator end_)
    ->span<etl::remove_pointer_t<TIterator>, etl::dynamic_extent>;
 
  template <typename TIterator, typename TSize>
  span(const TIterator begin_, const TSize size_)
    ->span<etl::remove_pointer_t<TIterator>, etl::dynamic_extent>;
 
  template <typename T, size_t Size>
  span(T(&)[Size])
    -> span<T, Size>;
 
  template <typename T, size_t Size>
  span(etl::array<T, Size>&)
    -> span<T, Size>;
 
  template <typename T, size_t Size>
  span(const etl::array<T, Size>&)
    -> span<const T, Size>;
 
#if ETL_USING_STL && ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T, size_t Size>
  span(std::array<T, Size>&)
    ->span<T, Size>;
 
  template <typename T, size_t Size>
  span(const std::array<T, Size>&)
    ->span<const T, Size>;
#endif
#endif 
 
  //*************************************************************************
  //*************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_8BIT_TYPES
  template <typename T, size_t Extent>
  struct hash<etl::span<T, Extent> >
  {
    size_t operator()(const etl::span<T>& view) const
    {
      return etl::private_hash::generic_hash<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(view.data()),
                                                     reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(view.data() + view.size()));
    }
  };
#endif
 
  //*************************************************************************
  //*************************************************************************
  template <class T, size_t Size>
  span<const byte, (Size == etl::dynamic_extent) ? (etl::dynamic_extent) : (Size * sizeof(T))> 
    as_bytes(span<T, Size> s) ETL_NOEXCEPT
  {
    return span<const byte, (Size == etl::dynamic_extent) ? (etl::dynamic_extent) : (Size * sizeof(T))>(reinterpret_cast<byte*>(s.data()), s.size_bytes());
  }
 
  //*************************************************************************
  //*************************************************************************
  template <class T, size_t Size>
  span<byte, (Size == etl::dynamic_extent) ? (etl::dynamic_extent) : (Size * sizeof(T))> 
    as_writable_bytes(span<T, Size> s) ETL_NOEXCEPT
  {
    ETL_STATIC_ASSERT(!etl::is_const<T>::value, "span<T> must be of non-const type");
    return span<byte, (Size == etl::dynamic_extent) ? (etl::dynamic_extent) : (Size * sizeof(T))>(reinterpret_cast<byte*>(s.data()), s.size_bytes());
  }
}
 
#endif