type_traits.h

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/******************************************************************************
The MIT License(MIT)
 
Embedded Template Library.
https://github.com/ETLCPP/etl
https://www.etlcpp.com
 
Copyright(c) 2014 John Wellbelove
 
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files(the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and / or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions :
 
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
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******************************************************************************/
 
#if 0
#error THIS HEADER IS A GENERATOR. DO NOT INCLUDE.
#endif
 
//***************************************************************************
// THIS FILE HAS BEEN AUTO GENERATED. DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE.
//***************************************************************************
 
//***************************************************************************
// To generate to header file, run this at the command line.
// Note: You will need Python and COG installed.
//
// cog -d -e -otypes.h -DHandlers=<n> types_generator.h
// Where <n> is the number of types to support.
//
// e.g.
// To generate handlers for up to 16 types...
// cog -d -e -otype_traits.h -DIsOneOf=16 type_traits_generator.h
//
// See generate.bat
//***************************************************************************
 
#ifndef ETL_TYPE_TRAITS_INCLUDED
#define ETL_TYPE_TRAITS_INCLUDED
 
#include "platform.h"
#include "nullptr.h"
#include "static_assert.h"
 
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>

 
#if ETL_USING_STL && ETL_USING_CPP11
  #include <type_traits>
#endif
 
namespace etl
{
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename...>
  using void_t = void;
#endif
 
#if ETL_NOT_USING_STL || ETL_CPP11_NOT_SUPPORTED
 
  //*****************************************************************************
  // Traits are defined by the ETL
  //*****************************************************************************
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T, T VALUE>
  struct integral_constant
  {
    static const T value = VALUE;
 
    typedef T value_type;
    typedef integral_constant<T, VALUE> type;
 
    operator value_type() const
    {
      return value;
    }
  };

  typedef integral_constant<bool, false> false_type;
  typedef integral_constant<bool, true>  true_type;
 
  template <typename T, T VALUE>
  const T integral_constant<T, VALUE>::value;
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T, T VALUE>
  inline constexpr T integral_constant_v = etl::integral_constant<T, VALUE>::value;
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <bool BValue>
  using bool_constant = integral_constant<bool, BValue>;
#else
  template <bool BValue>
  struct bool_constant : etl::integral_constant<bool, BValue> { };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <bool BValue>
  inline constexpr bool bool_constant_v = bool_constant<BValue>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  struct negation : etl::bool_constant<!bool(T::value)>
  {
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool negation_v = negation<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_reference { typedef T type; };
  template <typename T> struct remove_reference<T&> { typedef T type; };
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T> struct remove_reference<T&&> { typedef T type; };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_reference_t = typename remove_reference<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_pointer { typedef T type; };
  template <typename T> struct remove_pointer<T*> { typedef T type; };
  template <typename T> struct remove_pointer<const T*> { typedef const T type; };
  template <typename T> struct remove_pointer<volatile T*> { typedef volatile T type; };
  template <typename T> struct remove_pointer<const volatile T*> { typedef const volatile T type; };
  template <typename T> struct remove_pointer<T* const> { typedef T type; };
  template <typename T> struct remove_pointer<const T* const> { typedef const T type; };
  template <typename T> struct remove_pointer<volatile T* const> { typedef volatile T type; };
  template <typename T> struct remove_pointer<const volatile T* const> { typedef const volatile T type; };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_pointer_t = typename remove_pointer<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct add_pointer { typedef typename remove_reference<T>::type* type; };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using add_pointer_t = typename add_pointer<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_const : false_type {};
  template <typename T> struct is_const<const T> : true_type {};
  template <typename T> struct is_const<const volatile T> : true_type {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_const_v = is_const<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_const { typedef T type; };
  template <typename T> struct remove_const<const T> { typedef T type; };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_const_t = typename remove_const<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct add_const { typedef const T type; };
  template <typename T> struct add_const<const T> { typedef const T type; };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using add_const_t = typename add_const<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_volatile : false_type {};
  template <typename T> struct is_volatile<volatile T> : true_type {};
  template <typename T> struct is_volatile<const volatile T> : true_type {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_volatile_v = is_volatile<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_volatile { typedef T type; };
  template <typename T> struct remove_volatile<volatile T> { typedef T type; };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_volatile_t = typename remove_volatile<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct add_volatile { typedef volatile T type; };
  template <typename T> struct add_volatile<volatile T> { typedef volatile T type; };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using add_volatile_t = typename add_volatile<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_cv
  {
    typedef typename remove_volatile<typename remove_const<T>::type>::type type;
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_cv_t = typename remove_cv<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct add_cv
  {
    typedef typename add_volatile<typename add_const<T>::type>::type type;
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using add_cv_t = typename add_cv<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_cvref
  {
    typedef typename remove_cv<typename remove_reference<T>::type>::type type;
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_cvref_t = typename remove_cvref<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_integral : false_type {};
  template <> struct is_integral<bool> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_integral<char> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_integral<unsigned char> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_integral<signed char> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_integral<wchar_t> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_integral<short> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_integral<unsigned short> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_integral<int> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_integral<unsigned int> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_integral<long> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_integral<unsigned long> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_integral<long long> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_integral<unsigned long long> : true_type {};
#if ETL_HAS_NATIVE_CHAR8_T
  template <> struct is_integral<char8_t> : true_type {};
#endif
#if ETL_HAS_NATIVE_CHAR16_T
  template <> struct is_integral<char16_t> : true_type {};
#endif
#if ETL_HAS_NATIVE_CHAR32_T
  template <> struct is_integral<char32_t> : true_type {};
#endif
  template <typename T> struct is_integral<const T> : is_integral<T> {};
  template <typename T> struct is_integral<volatile T> : is_integral<T> {};
  template <typename T> struct is_integral<const volatile T> : is_integral<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_integral_v = is_integral<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_signed : false_type {};
  template <> struct is_signed<char> : etl::bool_constant<(char(255) < 0)> {};
  template <> struct is_signed<wchar_t> : public etl::bool_constant<wchar_t(-1) < wchar_t(0)> {};
  template <> struct is_signed<signed char> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_signed<short> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_signed<int> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_signed<long> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_signed<long long> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_signed<float> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_signed<double> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_signed<long double> : true_type {};
#if ETL_HAS_NATIVE_CHAR8_T
  template <> struct is_signed<char8_t> : true_type {};
#endif
#if ETL_HAS_NATIVE_CHAR16_T
  template <> struct is_signed<char16_t> : true_type {};
#endif
#if ETL_HAS_NATIVE_CHAR32_T
  template <> struct is_signed<char32_t> : true_type {};
#endif
  template <typename T> struct is_signed<const T> : is_signed<T> {};
  template <typename T> struct is_signed<volatile T> : is_signed<T> {};
  template <typename T> struct is_signed<const volatile T> : is_signed<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_signed_v = is_signed<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_unsigned : false_type {};
  template <> struct is_unsigned<bool> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_unsigned<char> : etl::bool_constant<(char(255) > 0)> {};
  template <> struct is_unsigned<unsigned char> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_unsigned<wchar_t> : public etl::bool_constant<(wchar_t(-1) > wchar_t(0))> {};
  template <> struct is_unsigned<unsigned short> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_unsigned<unsigned int> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_unsigned<unsigned long> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_unsigned<unsigned long long> : true_type {};
  template <typename T> struct is_unsigned<const T> : is_unsigned<T> {};
  template <typename T> struct is_unsigned<volatile T> : is_unsigned<T> {};
  template <typename T> struct is_unsigned<const volatile T> : is_unsigned<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_unsigned_v = is_unsigned<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_floating_point : false_type {};
  template <> struct is_floating_point<float> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_floating_point<double> : true_type {};
  template <> struct is_floating_point<long double> : true_type {};
  template <typename T> struct is_floating_point<const T> : is_floating_point<T> {};
  template <typename T> struct is_floating_point<volatile T> : is_floating_point<T> {};
  template <typename T> struct is_floating_point<const volatile T> : is_floating_point<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_floating_point_v = is_floating_point<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T1, typename T2> struct is_same : public false_type {};
  template <typename T> struct is_same<T, T> : public true_type {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  inline constexpr bool is_same_v = is_same<T1, T2>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template<typename T> struct is_void : false_type {};
  template<> struct is_void<void> : true_type {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_void_v = is_void<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template<typename T> struct is_arithmetic : etl::bool_constant<is_integral<T>::value || is_floating_point<T>::value> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_arithmetic_v = is_arithmetic<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_fundamental : etl::bool_constant<is_arithmetic<T>::value || is_void<T>::value> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_fundamental_v = is_fundamental<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_compound : etl::bool_constant<!is_fundamental<T>::value> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_compound_v = is_compound<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_array : false_type {};
  template <typename T> struct is_array<T[]> : true_type {};
  template <typename T, size_t Size> struct is_array<T[Size]> : true_type {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_array_v = is_array<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template<typename T> struct is_pointer_helper : false_type {};
  template<typename T> struct is_pointer_helper<T*> : true_type {};
  template<typename T> struct is_pointer_helper<const T*> : is_pointer_helper<T*> {};
  template<typename T> struct is_pointer_helper<volatile T*> : is_pointer_helper<T*> {};
  template<typename T> struct is_pointer_helper<const volatile T*> : is_pointer_helper<T*> {};
  template<typename T> struct is_pointer : is_pointer_helper<typename remove_cv<T>::type> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_pointer_v = is_pointer<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template<typename T> struct is_lvalue_reference_helper : false_type {};
  template<typename T> struct is_lvalue_reference_helper<T&> : true_type {};
  template<typename T> struct is_lvalue_reference : is_lvalue_reference_helper<typename remove_cv<T>::type> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_lvalue_reference_v = etl::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value;
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //***************************************************************************
  template<typename T> struct is_rvalue_reference_helper : false_type {};
  template<typename T> struct is_rvalue_reference_helper<T&&> : true_type {};
  template<typename T> struct is_rvalue_reference : is_rvalue_reference_helper<typename remove_cv<T>::type> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_rvalue_reference_v = etl::is_rvalue_reference<T>::value;
#endif
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  // Either lvalue or rvalue (for CPP11)
  template<typename T> struct is_reference : integral_constant<bool,
    is_lvalue_reference<T>::value
    #if ETL_USING_CPP11
        || is_rvalue_reference<T>::value
    #endif
  >{};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_reference_v = is_reference<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_pod : etl::bool_constant<etl::is_fundamental<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_pod_v = etl::is_pod<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <bool BValue, typename T, typename F>  struct conditional { typedef T type; };
  template <typename T, typename F> struct conditional<false, T, F> { typedef F type; };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <bool BValue, typename T, typename F>
  using conditional_t = typename conditional<BValue, T, F>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct make_signed { typedef  T type; };
  template <> struct make_signed<char> { typedef  signed char type; };
  template <> struct make_signed<unsigned char> { typedef  signed char type; };
 
  template <> struct make_signed<wchar_t>
  {
    typedef etl::conditional<sizeof(wchar_t) == sizeof(int16_t),
                             int16_t,
                             etl::conditional<sizeof(wchar_t) == sizeof(int32_t),
                                              int32_t,
                                              void>::type>::type type;
  };
 
  template <> struct make_signed<unsigned short> { typedef  short type; };
  template <> struct make_signed<unsigned int> { typedef int type; };
  template <> struct make_signed<unsigned long> { typedef  long type; };
  template <> struct make_signed<unsigned long long> { typedef long long type; };
  template <typename T> struct make_signed<const T> : add_const<typename make_signed<T>::type> {};
  template <typename T> struct make_signed<volatile T> : add_volatile<typename make_signed<T>::type> {};
  template <typename T> struct make_signed<const volatile T> : add_const<typename add_volatile<typename make_signed<T>::type>::type> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using make_signed_t = typename make_signed<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct make_unsigned { typedef  T type; };
  template <> struct make_unsigned<char> { typedef unsigned char type; };
  template <> struct make_unsigned<signed char> { typedef unsigned char type; };
  template <> struct make_unsigned<short> { typedef unsigned short type; };
 
  template <> struct make_unsigned<wchar_t>
  {
    typedef etl::conditional<sizeof(wchar_t) == sizeof(uint16_t),
                             uint16_t,
                             etl::conditional<sizeof(wchar_t) == sizeof(uint32_t),
                                              uint32_t,
                                              void>::type>::type type;
  };
 
  template <> struct make_unsigned<int> { typedef unsigned int type; };
  template <> struct make_unsigned<long> { typedef unsigned long type; };
  template <> struct make_unsigned<long long> { typedef unsigned long long type; };
  template <typename T> struct make_unsigned<const T> : add_const<typename make_unsigned<T>::type> {};
  template <typename T> struct make_unsigned<volatile T> : add_volatile<typename make_unsigned<T>::type> {};
  template <typename T> struct make_unsigned<const volatile T> : add_const<typename add_volatile<typename make_unsigned<T>::type>::type> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using make_unsigned_t = typename make_unsigned<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <bool BValue, typename T = void> struct enable_if {};
  template <typename T> struct enable_if<true, T> { typedef T type; };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <bool BValue, typename T = void>
  using enable_if_t = typename enable_if<BValue, T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T, unsigned Size = 0U>
  struct extent : integral_constant<size_t, 0U> {};
 
  template <typename T>
  struct extent<T[], 0> : integral_constant<size_t, 0U> {};
 
  template <typename T, unsigned Size>
  struct extent<T[], Size> : integral_constant<size_t, extent<T, Size - 1>::value> {};
 
  template <typename T, unsigned Size>
  struct extent<T[Size], 0> : integral_constant<size_t, Size> {};
 
  template <typename T, unsigned I, unsigned Size>
  struct extent<T[I], Size> : integral_constant<size_t, extent<T, Size - 1>::value> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T, unsigned Size = 0U>
  inline constexpr size_t extent_v = extent<T, Size>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_extent { typedef T type; };
  template <typename T> struct remove_extent<T[]> { typedef T type; };
  template <typename T, size_t Size> struct remove_extent<T[Size]> { typedef T type; };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_extent_t = typename remove_extent<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_all_extents { typedef T type; };
  template <typename T> struct remove_all_extents<T[]> { typedef typename remove_all_extents<T>::type type; };
  template <typename T, size_t Size> struct remove_all_extents<T[Size]> { typedef typename remove_all_extents<T>::type type; };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_all_extents_t = typename remove_all_extents<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T>struct rank : integral_constant<size_t, 0> {};
  template <typename T> struct rank<T[]> : public integral_constant<size_t, rank<T>::value + 1> {};
  template <typename T, size_t Size> struct rank<T[Size]> : public integral_constant<size_t, rank<T>::value + 1> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr size_t rank_v = rank<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  struct decay
  {
    typedef typename etl::remove_reference<T>::type U;
    typedef typename etl::conditional<etl::is_array<U>::value,
                                      typename etl::remove_extent<U>::type*,
                                      typename etl::remove_cv<U>::type>::type type;
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using decay_t = typename decay<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template<typename TBase,
           typename TDerived,
           const bool IsFundamental = (etl::is_fundamental<TBase>::value || etl::is_fundamental<TDerived>::value || etl::is_array<TDerived>::value)>
  struct is_base_of
  {
  private:
 
    static TBase* check(TBase*) { return (TBase*)0; }
    static char check(...) { return 0; }
 
  public:
 
    static const bool value = (sizeof(check((TDerived*)0)) == sizeof(TBase*));
  };
 
  // For when TBase or TDerived is a fundamental type.
  template<typename TBase, typename TDerived>
  struct is_base_of<TBase, TDerived, true>
  {
    static const bool value = false;
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  inline constexpr bool is_base_of_v = is_base_of<T1, T2>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  namespace private_type_traits
  {
    template <typename T> char test(int T::*); // Match for classes.
 
    struct dummy { char c[2]; };
    template <typename T> dummy test(...);     // Match for non-classes.
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_class : etl::bool_constant<sizeof(private_type_traits::test<T>(0)) == 1U> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_class_v = is_class<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct add_lvalue_reference { typedef T& type; };
  template <typename T> struct add_lvalue_reference<T&> { typedef T& type; };
  template <>           struct add_lvalue_reference<void> { typedef void type; };
  template <>           struct add_lvalue_reference<const void> { typedef const void type; };
  template <>           struct add_lvalue_reference<volatile void> { typedef volatile void type; };
  template <>           struct add_lvalue_reference<const volatile void> { typedef const volatile void type; };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using add_lvalue_reference_t = typename etl::add_lvalue_reference<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T> struct add_rvalue_reference { using type = T && ; };
  template <typename T> struct add_rvalue_reference<T&> { using type = T & ; };
  template <>           struct add_rvalue_reference<void> { using type = void; };
  template <>           struct add_rvalue_reference<const void> { using type = const void; };
  template <>           struct add_rvalue_reference<volatile void> { using type = volatile void; };
  template <>           struct add_rvalue_reference<const volatile void> { using type = const volatile void; };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using add_rvalue_reference_t = typename etl::add_rvalue_reference<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  typename etl::add_rvalue_reference<T>::type declval() ETL_NOEXCEPT;
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //***************************************************************************
 
  namespace private_type_traits 
  {
    // Base case
    template <typename T, typename = int>
    struct is_convertible_to_int 
      : false_type
    {
    };
 
    // Selected if `static_cast<int>(declval<T>())` is a valid statement
    // 2nd template argument of base case defaults to int to ensure that this partial specialization is always tried first
    template <typename T>
    struct is_convertible_to_int<T, decltype(static_cast<int>(declval<T>()))>
      : true_type 
    {
    };
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_enum
    : integral_constant<bool, private_type_traits::is_convertible_to_int<T>::value &&
                              !is_class<T>::value &&
                              !is_arithmetic<T>::value &&
                              !is_reference<T>::value> 
  {
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_enum_v = etl::is_enum<T>::value;
#endif
#else
  namespace private_type_traits
  {
    // Helper to detect if a type is convertible to an integer
    template <typename T>
    struct is_convertible_to_int
    {
      static char test(int);   // Match if T is convertible to int
      static double test(...); // Fallback for other types
 
      static const bool value = sizeof(test(static_cast<T>(0))) == sizeof(char);
    };
  }
 
  // Implementation of is_enum
  template <typename T>
  struct is_enum
  {
    static const bool value = private_type_traits::is_convertible_to_int<T>::value &&
                              !is_class<T>::value &&
                              !is_arithmetic<T>::value &&
                              !is_reference<T>::value;
  };
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  namespace private_type_traits
  {
    template <typename>
    using true_type_for = etl::true_type;
 
    template <typename T>
    auto returnable(int)->true_type_for<T()>;
 
    template <typename>
    auto returnable(...)->etl::false_type;
 
    template <typename TFrom, typename TTo>
    auto nonvoid_convertible(int)->true_type_for<decltype(etl::declval<void(&)(TTo)>()(etl::declval<TFrom>()))
    >;
    template <typename, typename>
    auto nonvoid_convertible(...)->etl::false_type;
  }
 
#if defined(ETL_COMPILER_ARM5)
  template <typename TFrom, typename TTo>
  struct is_convertible : etl::bool_constant<__is_convertible_to(TFrom, TTo)> {};
#else
  template <typename TFrom, typename TTo>
  struct is_convertible : etl::bool_constant<(decltype(private_type_traits::returnable<TTo>(0))::value &&
                                              decltype(private_type_traits::nonvoid_convertible<TFrom, TTo>(0))::value) ||
                                              (etl::is_void<TFrom>::value && etl::is_void<TTo>::value)> {};
#endif
 
  // Is convertible and the conversion is noexcept.
  template <typename TFrom, typename TTo>
  struct is_nothrow_convertible
  {
  private:
    // Helper: a function taking TTo to require the conversion.
    static void sink(TTo) noexcept;
 
    // Selected only if 'sink(declval<TFrom>())' is a valid expression.
    template <typename F>
    static auto test(int) -> etl::bool_constant<noexcept(sink(etl::declval<F>()))>;
 
    // Fallback if conversion is not viable.
    template <typename>
    static etl::false_type test(...);
 
  public:
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = decltype(test<TFrom>(0))::value;
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename TFrom, typename TTo >
  inline constexpr bool is_convertible_v = etl::is_convertible<TFrom, TTo>::value;
 
  template <typename TFrom, typename TTo >
  inline constexpr bool is_nothrow_convertible_v = etl::is_nothrow_convertible<TFrom, TTo>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP11 && !defined(ETL_COMPILER_ARM5)
  template <typename T> struct alignment_of : integral_constant<size_t, alignof(T)> { };
#elif defined(ETL_COMPILER_MICROSOFT)
  template <typename T> struct alignment_of : integral_constant<size_t, size_t(__alignof(T))> {};
#elif defined(ETL_COMPILER_IAR) || defined(ETL_COMPILER_TI)
  template <typename T> struct alignment_of : integral_constant<size_t, size_t(__ALIGNOF__(T))> {};
#else
  template <typename T> struct alignment_of : integral_constant<size_t, size_t(__alignof__(T))> {};
#endif

  template <> struct alignment_of<void> : integral_constant <size_t, 0> {};
  template <> struct alignment_of<const void> : integral_constant <size_t, 0> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr size_t alignment_of_v = etl::alignment_of<T>::value;
#endif
 
#else // Condition = ETL_USING_STL && ETL_USING_CPP11
 
//*****************************************************************************
// Traits are derived from the STL
//*****************************************************************************
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T, T VALUE>
  struct integral_constant : std::integral_constant<T, VALUE> {};

typedef integral_constant<bool, false> false_type;
typedef integral_constant<bool, true>  true_type;
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T, T VALUE>
  inline constexpr T integral_constant_v = std::integral_constant<T, VALUE>::value;
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <bool BValue>
  using bool_constant = std::bool_constant<BValue>;
#else
  template <bool BValue>
  struct bool_constant : std::integral_constant<bool, BValue> { };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <bool BValue>
  inline constexpr bool bool_constant_v = bool_constant<BValue>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  using negation = std::negation<T>;
#else
  template <typename T>
  struct negation : etl::bool_constant<!bool(T::value)>
  {
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool negation_v = std::negation_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_reference : std::remove_reference<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_reference_t = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_pointer : std::remove_pointer<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_pointer_t = typename std::remove_pointer<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct add_pointer : std::add_pointer<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using add_pointer_t = typename std::add_pointer<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_const : std::is_const<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_const_v = std::is_const_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_const : std::remove_const<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_const_t = typename std::remove_const<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct add_const : std::add_const<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using add_const_t = typename std::add_const<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_volatile : std::is_volatile<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_volatile_v = std::is_volatile_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_volatile : std::remove_volatile<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_volatile_t = typename std::remove_volatile<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct add_volatile : std::add_volatile<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using add_volatile_t = typename std::add_volatile<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_cv : std::remove_cv<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_cv_t = typename std::remove_cv<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct add_cv : std::add_cv<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using add_cv_t = typename std::add_cv<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_cvref
  {
    typedef typename std::remove_cv<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type type;
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_cvref_t = typename etl::remove_cvref<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_integral : std::is_integral<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_integral_v = std::is_integral_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_signed : std::is_signed<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_signed_v = std::is_signed_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_unsigned : std::is_unsigned<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_unsigned_v = std::is_unsigned_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_floating_point : std::is_floating_point<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_floating_point_v = std::is_floating_point_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T1, typename T2> struct is_same : std::is_same<T1, T2> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  inline constexpr bool is_same_v = std::is_same_v<T1, T2>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template<typename T> struct is_void : std::is_void<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_void_v = std::is_void_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template<typename T> struct is_arithmetic : std::is_arithmetic<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_arithmetic_v = std::is_arithmetic_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_fundamental : std::is_fundamental<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_fundamental_v = std::is_fundamental_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_compound : std::is_compound<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_compound_v = std::is_compound_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_array : std::is_array<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_array_v = std::is_array_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template<typename T> struct is_pointer : std::is_pointer<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_pointer_v = std::is_pointer_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template<typename T> struct is_reference : std::is_reference<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_reference_v = std::is_reference_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template<typename T> struct is_lvalue_reference : std::is_lvalue_reference<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_lvalue_reference_v = std::is_lvalue_reference_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template<typename T> struct is_rvalue_reference : std::is_rvalue_reference<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_rvalue_reference_v = std::is_rvalue_reference_v<T>;
#endif
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  struct is_pod : std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_standard_layout<T>::value && std::is_trivial<T>::value> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_pod_v = std::is_standard_layout_v<T> && std::is_trivial_v<T>;
#endif
 
#if defined(ETL_COMPILER_GCC)
  #if ETL_COMPILER_VERSION >= 5
    #define ETL_GCC_V5_TYPE_TRAITS_SUPPORTED
  #endif
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <bool BValue, typename T, typename F>  struct conditional { typedef T type; };
  template <typename T, typename F> struct conditional<false, T, F> { typedef F type; };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <bool BValue, typename T, typename F>
  using conditional_t = typename conditional<BValue, T, F>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct make_signed : std::make_signed<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using make_signed_t = typename std::make_signed<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct make_unsigned : std::make_unsigned<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using make_unsigned_t = typename std::make_unsigned<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <bool BValue, typename T = void> struct enable_if : std::enable_if<BValue, T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <bool BValue, typename T = void>
  using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<BValue, T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T, unsigned Size = 0U>
  struct extent : std::extent<T, Size> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T, unsigned Size = 0U>
  inline constexpr size_t extent_v = std::extent_v<T, Size>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_extent : std::remove_extent<T> { };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_extent_t = typename std::remove_extent<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct remove_all_extents : std::remove_all_extents<T> { };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using remove_all_extents_t = typename std::remove_all_extents<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T>struct rank : std::rank<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr size_t rank_v = std::rank_v<T>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct decay : std::decay<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using decay_t = typename std::decay<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template<typename TBase, typename TDerived> struct is_base_of : std::is_base_of<TBase, TDerived> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename TBase, typename TDerived>
  inline constexpr bool is_base_of_v = std::is_base_of_v<TBase, TDerived>;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_class : std::is_class<T>{};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_class_v = is_class<T>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct add_lvalue_reference : std::add_lvalue_reference<T> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using add_lvalue_reference_t = typename std::add_lvalue_reference<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T> struct add_rvalue_reference : std::add_rvalue_reference<T> {};
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using add_rvalue_reference_t = typename std::add_rvalue_reference<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  typename std::add_rvalue_reference<T>::type declval() ETL_NOEXCEPT;
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  struct is_enum : std::is_enum<T>
  {
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_enum_v = etl::is_enum<T>::value;
#endif
 
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename TFrom, typename TTo>
  struct is_convertible : std::is_convertible<TFrom, TTo> {};
 
  // Is convertible and the conversion is noexcept.
  template <typename TFrom, typename TTo>
  struct is_nothrow_convertible
  {
  private:
    // Helper: a function taking TTo to require the conversion.
    static void sink(TTo) noexcept;
 
    // Selected only if 'sink(declval<TFrom>())' is a valid expression.
    template <typename F>
    static auto test(int) -> etl::bool_constant<noexcept(sink(etl::declval<F>()))>;
 
    // Fallback if conversion is not viable.
    template <typename>
    static etl::false_type test(...);
 
  public:
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = decltype(test<TFrom>(0))::value;
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename TFrom, typename TTo>
  inline constexpr bool is_convertible_v = std::is_convertible_v<TFrom, TTo>;
 
  template <typename TFrom, typename TTo >
  inline constexpr bool is_nothrow_convertible_v = is_nothrow_convertible<TFrom, TTo>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct alignment_of : std::alignment_of<T> {};
  template <> struct alignment_of<void> : std::integral_constant<size_t, 0> {};
  template <> struct alignment_of<const void> : std::integral_constant <size_t, 0> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr size_t alignment_of_v = std::alignment_of_v<T>;
#endif
 
#endif // Condition = ETL_USING_STL && ETL_USING_CPP11
 
  //***************************************************************************
  // ETL extended type traits.
  //***************************************************************************
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //***************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename...>
  struct conjunction : public etl::true_type
  {
  };
 
  template <typename T1, typename... Tn>
  struct conjunction<T1, Tn...> : public etl::conditional_t<bool(T1::value), etl::conjunction<Tn...>, T1>
  {
  };
 
  template <typename T>
  struct conjunction<T> : public T
  {
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename... T>
  inline constexpr bool conjunction_v = conjunction<T...>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename...>
  struct disjunction : public etl::false_type
  {
  };
 
  template <typename T1, typename... Tn>
  struct disjunction<T1, Tn...> : public etl::conditional_t<bool(T1::value), T1, disjunction<Tn...>>
  {
  };
 
  template <typename T1> struct disjunction<T1> : public T1
  {
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename... T>
  inline constexpr bool disjunction_v = etl::disjunction<T...>::value;
#endif
 
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename... TTypes>
  struct exclusive_disjunction;
 
  template <typename T>
  struct exclusive_disjunction<T> : public etl::bool_constant<T::value>
  {
  };
 
  // Recursive case: XOR the first two values and recurse
  template <typename T1, typename T2, typename... TRest>
  struct exclusive_disjunction<T1, T2, TRest...> : public etl::exclusive_disjunction<etl::integral_constant<bool, etl::disjunction<T1, T2>::value && !etl::conjunction<T1, T2>::value>, TRest...>
  {
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename... T>
  inline constexpr bool exclusive_disjunction_v = etl::exclusive_disjunction<T...>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  // /\ingroup type_traits
  template <bool BValue, typename T, T TRUE_VALUE, T FALSE_VALUE>
  struct conditional_integral_constant;
 
  template <typename T, T TRUE_VALUE, T FALSE_VALUE>
  struct conditional_integral_constant<true, T, TRUE_VALUE, FALSE_VALUE>
  {
    ETL_STATIC_ASSERT(etl::is_integral<T>::value, "Not an integral type");
    static const T value = TRUE_VALUE;
  };
 
  template <typename T, T TRUE_VALUE, T FALSE_VALUE>
  struct conditional_integral_constant<false, T, TRUE_VALUE, FALSE_VALUE>
  {
    ETL_STATIC_ASSERT(etl::is_integral<T>::value, "Not an integral type");
    static const T value = FALSE_VALUE;
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T, typename... TRest>
  struct is_one_of : etl::disjunction<etl::is_same<T, TRest>...>
  {
  };
#else
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T,
            typename T1, typename T2 = void, typename T3 = void, typename T4 = void, 
            typename T5 = void, typename T6 = void, typename T7 = void, typename T8 = void, 
            typename T9 = void, typename T10 = void, typename T11 = void, typename T12 = void, 
            typename T13 = void, typename T14 = void, typename T15 = void, typename T16 = void>
  struct is_one_of
  {
    static const bool value = 
        etl::is_same<T, T1>::value ||
        etl::is_same<T, T2>::value ||
        etl::is_same<T, T3>::value ||
        etl::is_same<T, T4>::value ||
        etl::is_same<T, T5>::value ||
        etl::is_same<T, T6>::value ||
        etl::is_same<T, T7>::value ||
        etl::is_same<T, T8>::value ||
        etl::is_same<T, T9>::value ||
        etl::is_same<T, T10>::value ||
        etl::is_same<T, T11>::value ||
        etl::is_same<T, T12>::value ||
        etl::is_same<T, T13>::value ||
        etl::is_same<T, T14>::value ||
        etl::is_same<T, T15>::value ||
        etl::is_same<T, T16>::value;
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T, typename... TRest>
  inline constexpr bool is_one_of_v = etl::is_one_of<T, TRest...>::value;
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  namespace private_type_traits
  {
    //***************************************************************************
    // Helper to count occurrences of a type in a list of types
    template<typename T, typename... TTypes>
    struct count_type;
 
    // Base case: zero occurrences
    template<typename T>
    struct count_type<T> : etl::integral_constant<size_t, 0>
    {
    };
 
    // Recursive case: increment count if head is the same as T, otherwise continue with tail
    template<typename T, typename THead, typename... TTail>
    struct count_type<T, THead, TTail...> : etl::integral_constant<size_t, (etl::is_same<T, THead>::value ? 1 : 0) + count_type<T, TTail...>::value>
    {
    };
  }
 
  template<typename T, typename... TTypes>
  struct has_duplicates_of
    : etl::integral_constant<bool, (private_type_traits::count_type<T, TTypes...>::value > 1)>
  {
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T, typename... TRest>
  inline constexpr bool has_duplicates_of_v = etl::has_duplicates_of<T, TRest...>::value;
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename TBase, typename... TDerived>
  struct is_base_of_all : etl::conjunction<etl::is_base_of<TBase, TDerived>...>
  {
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T, typename... TRest>
  inline constexpr bool is_base_of_all_v = etl::is_base_of_all<T, TRest...>::value;
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename TBase, typename... TDerived>
  struct is_base_of_any : etl::disjunction<etl::is_base_of<TBase, TDerived>...>
  {
  };
 
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T, typename... TRest>
  inline constexpr bool is_base_of_any_v = etl::is_base_of_any<T, TRest...>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //*************************************************************************** 
  // Recursive definition of the type.
  template <size_t Index, typename TType>
  struct nth_base
  {
    typedef typename nth_base<Index - 1U, typename TType::base_type>::type type;
  };
 
  template <typename TType>
  struct nth_base<0, TType>
  {
    typedef TType type;
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <size_t Index, typename TType>
  using nth_base_t = typename nth_base<Index, TType>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
 
  // Default.
  template <typename T>
  struct types
  {
  private:
 
    typedef typename etl::remove_reference<typename etl::remove_cv<T>::type>::type type_t;
 
  public:
 
    typedef type_t              type;
    typedef type_t&             reference;
    typedef const type_t&       const_reference;
    typedef type_t*             pointer;
    typedef const type_t*       const_pointer;
    typedef const type_t* const const_pointer_const;
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    typedef type_t&&            rvalue_reference;
#endif
  };
 
  // Pointers.
  template <typename T>
  struct types<T*>
  {
  private:
 
    typedef typename etl::remove_reference<typename etl::remove_cv<T>::type>::type type_t;
 
  public:
 
    typedef type_t              type;
    typedef type_t&             reference;
    typedef const type_t&       const_reference;
    typedef type_t*             pointer;
    typedef const type_t*       const_pointer;
    typedef const type_t* const const_pointer_const;
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    typedef type_t&&            rvalue_reference;
#endif
  };
 
  // Pointers.
  template <typename T>
  struct types<T* const>
  {
  private:
 
    typedef typename etl::remove_reference<typename etl::remove_cv<T>::type>::type type_t;
 
  public:
 
    typedef type_t              type;
    typedef type_t&             reference;
    typedef const type_t&       const_reference;
    typedef type_t*             pointer;
    typedef const type_t* const_pointer;
    typedef const type_t* const const_pointer_const;
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    typedef type_t&&            rvalue_reference;
#endif
  };
 
  // References.
  template <typename T>
  struct types<T&>
  {
  private:
 
    typedef typename etl::remove_reference<typename etl::remove_cv<T>::type>::type type_t;
 
  public:
 
    typedef type_t              type;
    typedef type_t&             reference;
    typedef const type_t&       const_reference;
    typedef type_t*             pointer;
    typedef const type_t*       const_pointer;
    typedef const type_t* const const_pointer_const;
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    typedef type_t&&            rvalue_reference;
#endif
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  // rvalue References.
  template <typename T>
  struct types<T&&>
  {
  private:
 
    typedef typename etl::remove_reference<typename etl::remove_cv<T>::type>::type type_t;
 
  public:
 
    typedef type_t              type;
    typedef type_t&             reference;
    typedef const type_t&       const_reference;
    typedef type_t*             pointer;
    typedef const type_t*       const_pointer;
    typedef const type_t* const const_pointer_const;
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    typedef type_t&&            rvalue_reference;
#endif
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using types_t = typename types<T>::type;
 
  template <typename T>
  using types_r = typename types<T>::reference;
 
  template <typename T>
  using types_cr = typename types<T>::const_reference;
 
  template <typename T>
  using types_rr = typename types<T>::rvalue_reference;
 
  template <typename T>
  using types_p = typename types<T>::pointer;
 
  template <typename T>
  using types_cp = typename types<T>::const_pointer;
 
  template <typename T>
  using types_cpc = typename types<T>::const_pointer_const;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct size_of : etl::integral_constant<size_t, sizeof(T)> {};
  template <> struct size_of<void> : etl::integral_constant<size_t, 1U> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr size_t size_of_v = etl::size_of<T>::value;
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T, typename... TRest>
  struct are_all_same : etl::conjunction<etl::is_same<T, TRest>...>
  {
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T, typename... TRest>
  inline constexpr bool are_all_same_v = are_all_same<T, TRest...>::value;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
#if ETL_USING_STL && ETL_USING_CPP11 && !defined(ETL_USE_TYPE_TRAITS_BUILTINS) && !defined(ETL_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_TRAITS) && ((!defined(ARDUINO) && ETL_NOT_USING_STLPORT) || defined(ETL_GCC_V5_TYPE_TRAITS_SUPPORTED))
 
  //*********************************************
  // Use the STL's definitions.
  //*********************************************
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_assignable
  template<typename T1, typename T2>
  using is_assignable = std::is_assignable<T1, T2>;
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_constructible
  template<typename T, typename... TArgs>
  using is_constructible = std::is_constructible<T, TArgs...>;
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_copy_constructible
  template <typename T>
  using is_copy_constructible = std::is_copy_constructible<T>;
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_move_constructible
  template <typename T>
  using is_move_constructible = std::is_move_constructible<T>;
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_constructible
#if ETL_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS_IS_TRIVIAL_SUPPORTED
  template <typename T>
  using is_trivially_constructible = std::is_trivially_constructible<T>;
#else
  template <typename T>
  using is_trivially_constructible = etl::bool_constant<etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>;
#endif
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_copy_constructible
#if ETL_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS_IS_TRIVIAL_SUPPORTED
  template <typename T>
  using is_trivially_copy_constructible = std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<T>;
#else
  template <typename T>
  using is_trivially_copy_constructible = etl::bool_constant<etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>;
#endif
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_destructible
#if ETL_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS_IS_TRIVIAL_SUPPORTED
  template <typename T>
  using is_trivially_destructible = std::is_trivially_destructible<T>;
#else
  template <typename T>
  using is_trivially_destructible = etl::bool_constant<etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>;
#endif
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_copy_assignable
#if ETL_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS_IS_TRIVIAL_SUPPORTED
  template <typename T>
  using is_trivially_copy_assignable = std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<T>;
#else
  template <typename T>
  using is_trivially_copy_assignable = etl::bool_constant<etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>;
#endif
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_copyable
#if ETL_CPP11_TYPE_TRAITS_IS_TRIVIAL_SUPPORTED
  template <typename T>
  using is_trivially_copyable = std::is_trivially_copyable<T>;
#else
  template <typename T>
  using is_trivially_copyable = etl::bool_constant<etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>;
#endif
 
#elif defined(ETL_USE_TYPE_TRAITS_BUILTINS) && !defined(ETL_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_TRAITS)
 
  //*********************************************
  // Use the compiler's builtins.
  //*********************************************
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_assignable
  template<typename T1, typename T2>
  struct is_assignable
  {
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __is_assignable(T1, T2);
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //*********************************************
  // is_constructible
  template<typename T, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_constructible
  {
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __is_constructible(T, TArgs...);
  };
#else
  //*********************************************
  // is_constructible
  template<typename T, typename TArgs = void>
  struct is_constructible
  {
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __is_constructible(T, TArgs);
  };
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_constructible
  template<typename T>
  struct is_constructible<T, void>
  {
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __is_constructible(T);
  };
#endif
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_copy_constructible
  template <typename T>
  struct is_copy_constructible : public etl::is_constructible<T, typename etl::add_lvalue_reference<const T>::type>
  {
  };
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_move_constructible
  template <typename T>
  struct is_move_constructible : public etl::is_constructible<T, T>
  {
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_constructible
  template <typename T, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_trivially_constructible
  {
#if defined(ETL_COMPILER_GCC)
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __has_trivial_constructor(T);
#else
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __is_trivially_constructible(T, TArgs...);
#endif
  };
#else
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_constructible
  template <typename T, typename TArgs = void>
  struct is_trivially_constructible
  {
#if defined(ETL_COMPILER_GCC)
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __has_trivial_constructor(T);
#else
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __is_trivially_constructible(T, TArgs);
#endif
  };
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_constructible
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_constructible<T, void>
  {
#if defined(ETL_COMPILER_GCC)
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __has_trivial_constructor(T);
#else
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __is_trivially_constructible(T);
#endif
  };
#endif
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_copy_constructible
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_copy_constructible : public is_trivially_constructible<T, typename add_lvalue_reference<const T>::type>
  {
  };
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_destructible
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_destructible
  {
#if defined(ETL_COMPILER_GCC)
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __has_trivial_destructor(T);
#else
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __is_trivially_destructible(T);
#endif
  };
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_copy_assignable
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_copy_assignable
  {
#if defined(ETL_COMPILER_GCC)
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __has_trivial_copy(T);
#else
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __is_trivially_copyable(T);
#endif
  };
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_copyable
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_copyable
  {
#if defined(ETL_COMPILER_GCC)
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __has_trivial_copy(T);
#else
    static ETL_CONSTANT bool value = __is_trivially_copyable(T);
#endif
  };
 
#elif defined(ETL_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_TRAITS) && !defined(ETL_USE_TYPE_TRAITS_BUILTINS)
 
  //*********************************************
  // Force the user to provide specialisations for
  // anything other than arithmetics and pointers.
  //*********************************************
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_assignable
  template <typename T1,
            typename T2,
            bool BValue = (etl::is_arithmetic<T1>::value || etl::is_pointer<T1>::value) && (etl::is_arithmetic<T2>::value || etl::is_pointer<T2>::value)>
  struct is_assignable;
 
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  struct is_assignable<T1, T2, true> : public etl::true_type
  {
  };
 
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  struct is_assignable<T1, T2, false>;
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //*********************************************
  // is_constructible
  template <typename T, bool BValue, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_constructible_helper;
 
  template <typename T, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_constructible_helper<T, true, TArgs...> : public etl::true_type
  {
  };
 
  template <typename T, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_constructible_helper<T, false, TArgs...>;
 
  template <typename T, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_constructible : public is_constructible_helper<T, etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value, TArgs...>
  {
  };
#endif
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_copy_constructible
  template <typename T, bool BValue = etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>
  struct is_copy_constructible;
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_copy_constructible<T, true> : public etl::true_type
  {
  };
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_copy_constructible<T, false>;
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_move_constructible
  template <typename T, bool BValue = etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>
  struct is_move_constructible;
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_move_constructible<T, true> : public etl::true_type
  {
  };
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_move_constructible<T, false>;
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_constructible
  template <typename T, bool BValue = etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>
  struct is_trivially_constructible;
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_constructible<T, true> : public etl::true_type
  {
  };
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_constructible<T, false>;
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_copy_constructible
  template <typename T, bool BValue = etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>
  struct is_trivially_copy_constructible;
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_copy_constructible<T, true> : public etl::true_type
  {
  };
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_copy_constructible<T, false>;
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_destructible
  template <typename T, bool BValue = etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>
  struct is_trivially_destructible;
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_destructible<T, true> : public etl::true_type
  {
  };
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_destructible<T, false>;
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_copy_assignable
  template <typename T, bool BValue = etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>
  struct is_trivially_copy_assignable;
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_copy_assignable<T, true> : public etl::true_type
  {
  };
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_copy_assignable<T, false>;
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_copyable
  template <typename T, bool BValue = etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>
  struct is_trivially_copyable;
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_copyable<T, true> : public etl::true_type
  {
  };
 
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_copyable<T, false>;
 
#else
 
  //*********************************************
  // Assume that anything other than arithmetics
  // and pointers return false for the traits.
  //*********************************************
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_assignable
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  struct is_assignable : public etl::bool_constant<(etl::is_arithmetic<T1>::value || etl::is_pointer<T1>::value) && (etl::is_arithmetic<T2>::value || etl::is_pointer<T2>::value)>
  {
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //***************************************************************************
  namespace private_type_traits 
  {
    template <class, class T, class... TArgs>
    struct is_constructible_ : etl::false_type {};
 
    template <class T, class... TArgs>
    struct is_constructible_<void_t<decltype(T(etl::declval<TArgs>()...))>, T, TArgs...> : etl::true_type {};
  }
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_constructible
  template <class T, class... TArgs>
  using is_constructible = private_type_traits::is_constructible_<void_t<>, T, TArgs...>;
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_copy_constructible
  template <class T> struct is_copy_constructible : public is_constructible<T,  typename etl::add_lvalue_reference<typename etl::add_const<T>::type>::type>{};
  template <> struct is_copy_constructible<void> : public false_type{};
  template <> struct is_copy_constructible<void const> : public false_type{};
  template <> struct is_copy_constructible<void volatile> : public false_type{};
  template <> struct is_copy_constructible<void const volatile> : public false_type{};
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_move_constructible
  template <typename T> struct is_move_constructible: public is_constructible<T, typename etl::add_rvalue_reference<T>::type>{};
  template <> struct is_move_constructible<void> : public false_type{};
  template <> struct is_move_constructible<void const> : public false_type{};
  template <> struct is_move_constructible<void volatile> : public false_type{};
  template <> struct is_move_constructible<void const volatile> : public false_type{};
 
#else
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_copy_constructible
  template <typename T>
  struct is_copy_constructible : public etl::bool_constant<etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>
  {
  };
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_move_constructible
  template <typename T>
  struct is_move_constructible : public etl::bool_constant<etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>
  {
  };
#endif
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_constructible
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_constructible : public etl::bool_constant<etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>
  {
  };
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_copy_constructible
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_copy_constructible : public etl::bool_constant<etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>
  {
  };
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_destructible
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_destructible : public etl::bool_constant<etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>
  {
  };
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_copy_assignable
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_copy_assignable : public etl::bool_constant<etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>
  {
  };
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_trivially_copyable
  template <typename T>
  struct is_trivially_copyable : public etl::bool_constant<etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>
  {
  };
 
#endif
 
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  struct is_lvalue_assignable : public etl::is_assignable<typename etl::add_lvalue_reference<T1>::type,
                                                          typename etl::add_lvalue_reference<typename etl::add_const<T2>::type>::type>
  {
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //*********************************************
  // is_default_constructible
  template<typename T, typename = void>
  struct is_default_constructible : etl::false_type { };
 
  template<typename T>
  struct is_default_constructible<T, etl::void_t<decltype(T())>> : etl::true_type { };
#else
  template <typename T>
  struct is_default_constructible : public etl::bool_constant<etl::is_arithmetic<T>::value || etl::is_pointer<T>::value>
  {
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
 
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  inline constexpr bool is_assignable_v = etl::is_assignable<T1, T2>::value;
 
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  inline constexpr bool is_lvalue_assignable_v = etl::is_lvalue_assignable<T1, T2>::value;
 
  template<typename T, typename... TArgs>
  inline constexpr bool is_constructible_v = etl::is_constructible<T, TArgs...>::value;
 
  template<typename T, typename... TArgs>
  inline constexpr bool is_default_constructible_v = etl::is_default_constructible<T, TArgs...>::value;
 
  template<typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_copy_constructible_v = etl::is_copy_constructible<T>::value;
 
  template<typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_move_constructible_v = etl::is_move_constructible<T>::value;
 
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_trivially_constructible_v = etl::is_trivially_constructible<T>::value;
 
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_trivially_copy_constructible_v = etl::is_trivially_copy_constructible<T>::value;
 
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_trivially_destructible_v = etl::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value;
 
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_trivially_copy_assignable_v = etl::is_trivially_copy_assignable<T>::value;
 
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_trivially_copyable_v = etl::is_trivially_copyable<T>::value;
 
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //*********************************************
  // common_type
  // Based on the sample implementation detailed on
  // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/common_type
  //*********************************************
  //***********************************
  // Primary template
  template<typename...>
  struct common_type
  {
  };
 
  //***********************************
  // One type
  template <typename T>
  struct common_type<T> : common_type<T, T>
  {
  };
 
  namespace private_common_type
  {
    template <typename T1, typename T2>
    using conditional_result_t = decltype(false ? declval<T1>() : declval<T2>());
 
    template <typename, typename, typename = void>
    struct decay_conditional_result
    {
    };
 
    template <typename T1, typename T2>
    struct decay_conditional_result<T1, T2, void_t<conditional_result_t<T1, T2>>>
      : etl::decay<conditional_result_t<T1, T2>>
    {
    };
 
    template <typename T1, typename T2, typename = void>
    struct common_type_2_impl 
      : decay_conditional_result<const T1&, const T2&>
    {
    };
 
    template <typename T1, typename T2>
    struct common_type_2_impl<T1, T2, void_t<conditional_result_t<T1, T2>>>
      : decay_conditional_result<T1, T2>
    {
    };
  }
 
  //***********************************
  // Two types
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  struct common_type<T1, T2>
    : etl::conditional<etl::is_same<T1, typename etl::decay<T1>::type>::value&& etl::is_same<T2, typename etl::decay<T2>::type>::value,
                       private_common_type::common_type_2_impl<T1, T2>,
                       common_type<typename etl::decay<T2>::type,
                       typename etl::decay<T2>::type>>::type
  {
  };
 
  //***********************************
  // Three or more types
  namespace private_common_type
  {
    template <typename AlwaysVoid, typename T1, typename T2, typename... TRest>
    struct common_type_multi_impl
    {
    };
 
    template <typename T1, typename T2, typename... TRest>
    struct common_type_multi_impl<void_t<typename common_type<T1, T2>::type>, T1, T2, TRest...>
      : common_type<typename common_type<T1, T2>::type, TRest...>
    {
    };
  }
 
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename... TRest>
  struct common_type<T1, T2, TRest...>
    : private_common_type::common_type_multi_impl<void, T1, T2, TRest...>
  {
  };
 
  template <typename... T>
  using common_type_t = typename common_type<T...>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  struct unsigned_type
  {
    typedef typename etl::conditional<sizeof(T) == sizeof(unsigned char), unsigned char,
      typename etl::conditional<sizeof(T) == sizeof(unsigned short), unsigned short,
        typename etl::conditional<sizeof(T) == sizeof(unsigned int), unsigned int,
          typename etl::conditional<sizeof(T) == sizeof(unsigned long), unsigned long,
            unsigned long long>::type>::type>::type>::type type;
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using unsigned_type_t = typename unsigned_type<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  struct signed_type
  {
    typedef typename etl::conditional<sizeof(T) == sizeof(char), char,
      typename etl::conditional<sizeof(T) == sizeof(short), short,
        typename etl::conditional<sizeof(T) == sizeof(int), int,
          typename etl::conditional<sizeof(T) == sizeof(long), long,
            long long>::type>::type>::type>::type type;
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using signed_type_t = typename signed_type<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //*********************************************
  // type_identity
 
  template <typename T>
  struct type_identity { typedef T type; };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using type_identity_t = typename type_identity<T>::type;
#endif
 
  //*********************************************
  // underlying_type
#if ETL_USING_BUILTIN_UNDERLYING_TYPE
  // Primary template for etl::underlying_type
  template <typename T, bool = etl::is_enum<T>::value>
  struct underlying_type;
 
  // Specialization for non-enum types (invalid case)
  template <typename T>
  struct underlying_type<T, false>
  {
    // Static assertion to ensure this is only used with enums
    ETL_STATIC_ASSERT(etl::is_enum<T>::value, "etl::underlying_type can only be used with enumeration types.");
  };
 
  template <typename T>
  struct underlying_type<T, true>
  {
    typedef __underlying_type(T) type;
  };
#else
  template <typename T>
  struct underlying_type
  {
    typedef int type;
  };
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  template <typename T>
  using underlying_type_t = typename underlying_type<T>::type;
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //*********************************************
  // has_duplicates
  template <typename... TTypes>
  struct has_duplicates;
 
  template <typename TFirst, typename... TRest>
  struct has_duplicates<TFirst, TRest...> : etl::conditional_t<etl::is_one_of<TFirst, TRest...>::value,
                                                               etl::true_type,
                                                               has_duplicates<TRest...>> {};
 
  template <typename T>
  struct has_duplicates<T> : etl::false_type {};
 
  template <>
  struct has_duplicates<> : etl::false_type {};
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename... TTypes>
  inline constexpr bool has_duplicates_v = etl::has_duplicates<TTypes...>::value;
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //*********************************************
  // count_of
  template <typename T, typename... TTypes>
  struct count_of;
 
  template <typename T, typename U, typename... URest>
  struct count_of<T, U, URest...> : etl::integral_constant<size_t,
                                                            etl::is_same<T, U>::value +
                                                              count_of<T, URest...>::value> {};
 
  template <typename T>
  struct count_of<T> : etl::integral_constant<size_t, 0> {};
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T, typename... TTypes>
  inline constexpr size_t count_of_v = etl::count_of<T, TTypes...>::value;
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //*********************************************
  template <typename T, template <typename...> class Template>
  struct is_specialization : etl::false_type {};
 
  template <template <typename...> class Template, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_specialization<Template<TArgs...>, Template> : etl::true_type {};
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T, template <typename...> class Template>
  inline constexpr bool is_specialization_v = etl::is_specialization<T, Template>::value;
#endif
 
  //*********************************************
  // is_constant_evaluated
  ETL_CONSTEXPR inline bool is_constant_evaluated() ETL_NOEXCEPT
  {
#if ETL_USING_CPP23
    if consteval
    {
      return true;
    }
    else
    {
      return false;
    }
#elif ETL_USING_BUILTIN_IS_CONSTANT_EVALUATED == 1
    // Fallback for C++20 on supported compilers
    return __builtin_is_constant_evaluated();
#else
    // default if unsupported
    return false;
#endif
  }
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //*********************************
  //*********************************
  template<typename T>
  struct is_function : etl::false_type
  {
  };
 
  // Plain / cv-qualified
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs...)> : etl::true_type {};
 
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs...) const> : etl::true_type {};
 
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs...) volatile> : etl::true_type {};
 
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs...) const volatile> : etl::true_type {};
 
  // Variadic
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs..., ...)> : etl::true_type {};
 
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs..., ...) const> : etl::true_type {};
 
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs..., ...) volatile> : etl::true_type {};
 
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs..., ...) const volatile> : etl::true_type {};
 
  // noexcept variants (if supported)
#if ETL_HAS_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs...) noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
 
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs...) const noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
 
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs...) volatile noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
 
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs...) const volatile noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
 
 
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs..., ...) noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
 
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs..., ...) const noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
 
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs..., ...) volatile noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
 
  template<typename TReturn, typename... TArgs>
  struct is_function<TReturn(TArgs..., ...) const volatile noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_function_v = etl::is_function<T>::value;
#endif
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //*********************************
  //*********************************
  template <typename T, etl::enable_if_t<etl::is_class<etl::decay_t<T>>::value, int> = 0>
  struct has_call_operator
  {
    template <typename U>
    static auto test(int) -> decltype(&U::operator(), etl::true_type());
 
    template <typename>
    static etl::false_type test(...);
 
    static const bool value = etl::is_same<decltype(test<T>(0)), etl::true_type>::value;
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool has_call_operator_v = etl::has_call_operator<T>::value;
#endif
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T, etl::enable_if_t<etl::is_class<etl::decay_t<T>>::value, int> = 0>
  struct has_unique_call_operator
  {
    //*********************************
    // Test for presence of operator()
    //*********************************
    template <typename U>
    static auto test(int) -> decltype(&U::operator(), etl::true_type());
 
    //*********************************
    // Fallback
    //*********************************
    template <typename>
    static auto test(...) -> etl::false_type;
 
    //*********************************
    // <b>true</b> if operator() exists and is unique
    //*********************************
    static constexpr bool value = decltype(test<etl::decay_t<T>>(0))::value;
  };
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool has_unique_call_operator_v = etl::has_unique_call_operator<T>::value;
#endif
#endif
 
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  namespace private_type_traits
  {
    template<typename T>
    struct is_member_pointer_helper : etl::false_type {};
 
    template<typename T, typename TObject>
    struct is_member_pointer_helper<T TObject::*> : etl::true_type {};
  }
 
  template<typename T> 
  struct is_member_pointer : private_type_traits::is_member_pointer_helper<typename etl::remove_cv<T>::type> {};
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_member_pointer_v = etl::is_member_pointer<T>::value;
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T> struct is_member_function_pointer : etl::false_type {};
 
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...)> : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) const> : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) volatile> : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) const volatile> : etl::true_type {};
 
#if ETL_HAS_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) const noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) volatile noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) const volatile noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
#endif
 
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) &>                : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) const &>          : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) volatile &>       : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) const volatile &> : etl::true_type {};
 
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) &&>               : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) const &&>         : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) volatile &&>      : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) const volatile &&>: etl::true_type {};
 
#if ETL_HAS_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) & noexcept>                : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) const & noexcept>          : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) volatile & noexcept>       : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) const volatile & noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
 
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) && noexcept>               : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) const && noexcept>         : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) volatile && noexcept>      : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs...) const volatile && noexcept>: etl::true_type {};
#endif
 
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...)> : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) const> : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) volatile> : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) const volatile> : etl::true_type {};
 
#if ETL_HAS_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) const noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) volatile noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) const volatile noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
#endif
 
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) &>                : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) const &>          : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) volatile &>       : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) const volatile &> : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) &&>               : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) const &&>         : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) volatile &&>      : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) const volatile &&>: etl::true_type {};
 
#if ETL_HAS_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) & noexcept>                : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) const & noexcept>          : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) volatile & noexcept>       : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) const volatile & noexcept> : etl::true_type {};
 
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) && noexcept>               : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) const && noexcept>         : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) volatile && noexcept>      : etl::true_type {};
  template <typename TReturn, typename TObject, typename... TArgs> struct is_member_function_pointer<TReturn(TObject::*)(TArgs..., ...) const volatile && noexcept>: etl::true_type {};
#endif
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_member_function_pointer_v = etl::is_member_function_pointer<T>::value;
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
  //***************************************************************************
  //***************************************************************************
  namespace private_type_traits
  {
    template<typename> 
    struct is_member_object_pointer_helper : public etl::false_type {};
 
    template<typename T, typename TObject> 
    struct is_member_object_pointer_helper<T TObject::*> : public etl::negation<etl::is_function<T>> {};
  }
 
  template<typename T> struct is_member_object_pointer : public private_type_traits::is_member_object_pointer_helper<etl::remove_cv_t<T>>::type {};
#endif
 
#if ETL_USING_CPP17
  template <typename T>
  inline constexpr bool is_member_object_pointer_v = etl::is_member_object_pointer<T>::value;
#endif
}
 
// Helper macros
#define ETL_IS_CHAR_TYPE(type)        (etl::is_same<char, type>::value || etl::is_same<signed char, type>::value || etl::is_same<unsigned char, type>::value)
#define ETL_IS_NOT_CHAR_TYPE(type)    (!ETL_IS_CHAR_TYPE(type))
 
#define ETL_IS_POINTER_TYPE(type)     (etl::is_pointer<type>::value)
#define ETL_IS_NOT_POINTER_TYPE(type) (!ETL_IS_POINTER_TYPE(type))
 
#define ETL_TARGET_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPYABLE(type)     (etl::is_trivially_copyable<typename etl::iterator_traits<type>::value_type>::value)
#define ETL_TARGET_IS_NOT_TRIVIALLY_COPYABLE(type) (!ETL_TARGET_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPYABLE(type))
 
#endif // ETL_TYPE_TRAITS_INCLUDED